Compound steam-turbine.



PATEEIEQ JAN. 1, 1907.

2 SHEETS-S11E25 1.

HIH I BURGER.

COMPOUND STEAM TURBINE. APIPLIGATION FILED JAILZO, 1903.

No. 840,039. PATENTBD JAN. 1, 1907.

F; BURGER.

COMPOUND STEAM TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED JA ILZO, 1903.

2 SHEETSSHBBT 2.

Gtmnuf 45 port, as 21.

s'rnrns 'ATENT cur os. I

FRANZ BURGER, or roar WAYNE, nimAnA, Assisi-Non or Tsnnnf- FQURTHS 'ro nnnav M. wrLLrAMs, or roar WAYNE, INDIANA.

GQMFQUNB QTEANE TURBENER.

Patented n. i, a '2.

Application filed January 20 1903. Serial liol-39,780- I To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANZ BURGER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Fort Wayne, in the county of Allen and. State of "Indiana, have invented certain new and use ful Improvements in Compound Steaxn-'lur-- b ines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in turbines in which the motive fluid is project ed against the periphery of revolving wheels provided with buckets and arranged. in separate compartments, so that the motiveiluid will operate upon the compound principle;

I 5 and it consists in the various features of con struction and arrangement of parts, having the general mode of operation substantially as hereinafter more particularly set forth.

Referring to the accompanying drawings,

wherein is illustrated a preferred o1nbodi-- ment of my inventionfl igure 1 is a side view, partly in section, oi the turbine.

Fig. 2 is an end view, also partly in section; and Fig. 3 1s a side view, partly in section, 0t

an improvement for supplying superheated .Water to the turbine.

' While the broad features of my invention may be carried out in difierent details of construction and arrangement of parts which go can be varied by those skilled in the art, I

supplying the superheated water to be ap-' plied to the turbine in the manner hereinai ter set forth.

The turbine comprises a base 5, upon which is mounted a circular casing 2, which 4 is provided with a hub 8, and connected to this casing in any suitable way is a cover or head 1, also provided with. a hub 7, and this casing provides a steam-pipe compartment provided with asuitable outlet or exhaust Also mounted on the base and connected to the casing 2 is another similar casing 3 of smaller diameter than the first casing and also provided with a hub 9, and this casing forms a second steam-pipe com- 5 o partrnent, which is provided with a suitable inlet and outlet, hereinafter described. Also connected to this second casing is another similar casing 4, provided with a hub 6 and this forms a smaller steainipe compare ment provided with suitable inlets and. out lets, hereinafter described, and all thesecasings are secured together to form a combined compound casing providing "three separate and independent compartments, each having suitable inlet and outlet connections, andthe hubs of the separate casings combine to form a support for the shaft 10.

l have thus described and illustrated a compound. turbine providing three separate compartments different sizes; but is it understood that the number oi compartments may be varied, and'the particular construction and arrangement of casings will also vary according to the particular circumstances of special embodiment of my invention.

ivlounted on and secured to the shaft 10 are a series of bucket-wheels, audwhile these wheels may be variously constructed 1 have shown each of them as comprising a'disk 22, projecting from a central hub 23 on the shaft ill, and each is provided with a series of busieo'ts ll, 12, and 13, arranged at or near the periphery of the disk and provided with a rim 24 at their ends opposite the disk, so to close the buckets on their sides, wnilc they are open on their outer and inner periphcries. in this instance these. buckets are shown in the form of curved plates extending between the disks and rims of the bucketwheels, the edges of the curved plates being ractically in radial lines projecting i'romthe liubs oi the wheels. There is also provided. in each compartment. in connection. ith each bucket-wheel a series of vanes 16, and these number of these vanes extend within the innor periphery of each bucket-wheel, and they are arranged adjacent the buckets whererthe motive l'luid is to be delivered to thebuckets,

preferably do not extend entirely around the bucket-wheels,- but only adjacent the buck-v ets in" the immediate vicinity of the nozzles.

Arrangedin proper relation to cach'buolretstruction of these nozzles may vary and,.in fact, do differ from each -other,1n the :construction illustrated I so arrange them that their delivery end or mouth is cut away to of a smaller size thanv the other casingsiand and these vanes may vary in number, but

are shown as formed on or attached to the various portions of the casings, so that a wheel is a nozzle, and while the specific con supply of motive fluid from any proper source outside of the turbine, onebeing' hereinafter described. The nozzle 18 is similarly arranged to deliver 'its motive fluid to the buckets 12, and it is shown arranged to receive its supply from the smallest compartment 4 through the medium. of a pi )e 17. The nozzle likewise is arranged to eliver motive fluid to the buckets 13 and to receive its supply from the intermediate compartment through the pi e or connection 19. It will thus be seen that the motive fluid is first supplied to the buckets of the smaller bucket-wheel, which is inclosed in its own separate and independent compartment, and then the fluid is taken from this compartment and delivered to the second bucket wheel, which is similarly inclosed, and so on from this to the last bucket-wheel, also separately inclosed, from which after the motive fluid has practically expended its energy it is exhausted to the air or a suitable condenser, and in this way the compound effect ofthe motive fluid is produced in driving the shaft and producing power and practically all the energy of the fluid expended in useful work.

The motive fluid to be supplied to the compound turbine is in the form of superheated water, and this is supplied to the nozzle '15, and the superheated water i1n pinges upon the buckets adjacentthe open mouthof the nozzle, and I therefore make use not alone of the velocity of the motive fluid, but also of the pressure of the same.

By covering a 'seriesof buckets by the open,

or delivery end of the'nozzle and extending it in the manner shown leakage between the wheel and nozzle is reduced to a minimum, but'the fluid'after impinging on the buckets reacts u on the vanes 16 and then flows into the inc osed' compartment containing the wheel, and this impingement on the vanes also tends to rotate the wheel, giving more power. After the su erheated water has een delivered to the st bucket-wheel and after it expands into steam and fills the smaller compartment it is under a considerable pressure and passes through the compartment through the pipe 17 and nozzle 18 to the'next larger bucket-wheel, where it impinges upon the bucket 12, again acting in the same-way as before and expanding into the compartment eontaining the wheel, and

water will thus expen from this it is again led, as through the pipe 19 and nozzle 20, to the next and in this instance the last bucketswhe'el, impinging upon the buckets 13 and-expending its energy therein, after which it has been expanded so as nomically exhausted to the atmosphere or condensed. It will be noted that the nozzles 18- and 20' increase in size relatively to the first nozzle, and the size varies in accordance with the expansion of the motive fluid in the compartment from which it is received.

As above intimated, I supply the first wheel with superheated water instead of,

steam, and. this water will flash into steam the instant it leaves the buckets of the wheel or when the buckets Cpass the nozzle. The

its energy or velocity against the buckets and will expand into steam in the first compartment on account of the reduced pressure on the water in the compartment, but there will stillbe steam under a relatively high pressure in this com: partment, which, as above intimated, will be transferred to the next compartment, where the steam expends its velocity on the buckets and still further expands in this compartment, and so on until it has reached'the last bucket-wheel and compartment, when it will have expended substantially all of its energy.

The advantages of using superheated water in preference to steam in connection with the first or smallest, bucket-wheel are very substantial. It is well known that water in its liquid state cannot exist at a temperature above 212 Fahrenheit at atmospheric pressure. If the pressure is increased, the evaporation of the water or the formation of steam decreases. The increased pressure means increased temperature of the water. 7 ater in a steam-boiler at two hundred pounds pressure has a temperature of 381 Fahrenheit. Steam at a pressure of one' hundred pounds has a temperature of 327 Fahrenheit, and thus there is a drop of 54 in temperature with a fifty per-cent. reduction in pressure. In view of this as soon as the superheated water leaves the nozzle and the buckets it must be converted into steam on account of the reduced'pressure, but not reduced temperature. Thus thepressure in the. first compartment is about fifty per cent. that of the boiler-prcssure, and under this pressure the steam formed in this compartment is transferred through a suitable pipe and nozzle to the 'next bucket-wheel, and after leaving this wheel it will further expand in the compartment surrounding the wheel and be at a relatively lower pressure in'the instance suggested about fifty pounds presto be in a condition to be 6300- IIL sure. From this compartment the steam produce a given amount of power, and the Y .with a suitable valve nipulation of the latter when the va v'e His tively' small amount, when it can be'exhausted or condensed.

Among some of the advantages obtained by the use of superheated water instead of steam may be mentioned the following: It requires a considerably smaller conducting.- pipe 'tb carry the proper amount of fluid to cooling ellect is proportionately reduced. Again, water being a liquid can carrymore calories than the gaseous steam. Thereforeit is less affected by cooling eiiects from the outside. Further, the impact of the water against the bucke s on the wheel is proportionately greater nder the same degree of pressure as the difference of density is between the water'and steam. No more water is used in this manner of usethan ii the water were converted into steam in the boiler or source of supply and then delivered to. the turbine, and the same number oi calories would have to be utilized in both cases to produce the superheated water and steam.

While various means may be used to supply the su erheated water to the turbine, in Fig. 3 I ave illustrated one convenient means comprising a boiler A, having a pipe B connected to the boilerbelow the water level, (indicated at-O,) and .thispip e is shown as extending into the flue D under the boiler and being formed into a coil E, by means of which the hot gases from the fire under the boiler tend to sup erheat the water in the coil From this collthe pipe extendsto the nozzle 15 ,and there is conveniently provided a cut .ofl' valve H in the pipe.

valve were closed, so that water could not circulate III the coil and pipe-steam would .soon be formed in the co1l,forc1ng the remain-v ing water in the coil back into the boiler,v

which would be objectionable, and to obviate this I have placed fifths-pipe between thev coil andthe cut-ofi valve H a connection F,

provided with a pipe I, leading to the boiler A below the watenhw? thereof and provided and by pro er maclosed a by-pass is provided for the circula- .tion of the'water through the superheating If perchanee. this coil E. Any other means of providing 'su-' perheated water can be utilized.

Having thus described the preferred embodiment of my compound turbine and one means'of providing superheated water to be supplied thereto and having explained .the

ppmpound tion with e separate steam tight compartturbine, the co'mbina- 1 ments, of a series of bucket wheels mounted in said compartments provided with buckets closed at each side andopen at their outer and inner peripheries and a series of vanes mounted on the casings and projecting into the compartments within the inner peripheries of the buckets, and a series of nozzles of varying sizes arranged to deliver the motive fluid in succession to the various wheels.

. 2-. The combination," with a compound,

turbine having a series of compartments of different slzes each containing a bucketwheel, nozzles arranged to deliver the motive.

,- to the periphery of each bucket-wheel, means v for supplying superheated water to the'first nozzle, such means comprising a boiler, a

Water-supply pipe attached to.the boiler be low the water-level, a superheating-coil in said-pipe, and a by-pass between the superheating-coil and the nozzle connected to the boiler below the water-line,- substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FRANZ BURGER.

' Witnesses:

Geo. K. 'Tonannon, B. D; ANGELL. 

